Vortex Methods for Turbulent Flow

Vortex methods are meshless, particle-based methods which solve high Reynolds fluid flow in vorticity form. They accurately compute far beyond the flow regimes of meshed finite difference/finite element methods, relying on the mathematical properties of random walks to model viscosity and employing a natural adaptivity. They are used to compute flows past bluff bodies, turbines, liquid jets, etc., and have been used extensively to model optimal engine design and wake effects in ship dynamics.